Jurnal Penelitian Karet

HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN GENETIK ANTAR KLON KARET SEBAGAI DASAR PEMILIHAN TETUA UNTUK MENDAPATKAN KLON UNGGUL LATEKS KAYU

Summary
One of the goals of rubber breeding program is to obtain high yielding clones both for latex and timber.To obtain these clones is started with hand cross pollination between clones that have a far relationship in order to combine the characteristics of using parents.This genetic relationshionship need be considered to avoid inbreeding.The genetic relationship among rubber clones could be identified by using RAPD technique.This research was animed to determine parents combination in hand pollination to obtain high yielding clones both in terms of latex and timber based on genetic relationship of RAPD product.RAPD analysis was conducted on 50 rubber clones by using 11 primers to determine the combination of parents that would be used in hand pollination.Based on RAPD analysis,it was known that polymorphism of the clones were high by an average of 92%.Clones of prospective parent were selected based on dendogram produced by 75% genetic similarity value and obtained 316 cross pollination combination .These combination were expected to pruduce superior latex-timber clones.
Keywords:Hevea brasiliensis,genetic relationship,RAPD,hand cross pollination superior clones.

Summary

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN HASIL PERSILANGAN ANTARA RRIM 600 DAN PN 1546 BERDASARKAN MARKA MOLEKULER

Summary
Assembling the new superior genotype of rubber plant requires about 25-30 years. Therefore, appropriate and accurate method of early determination on thr quality of new rubber clone is needed. Using selection parameter with molecular markers  could be hoped to answer this chalanging. The objective of this research was to study the genetic variety and genetic relationship of proganies from RRIM 600 x PN 1546 crossing using the RAPD and microsatellite technique,DNA samples from two parents and 25 progenies were isolated and amplified by using 60 RAPD primer and 16 mTcCIR combination primers. Amplification by using 60 RAPD primers resulted in polymorphism ribbon pattern, while amplification 16 mTcCIR combination primers produced  a specific selected marker candidates in agarose gel. Phylogenetic tree show that 25 progenies of RRIM 600 x PN 1546 crossing have 10 high family groups with coefficient of 89%. The formed family group showed that 25 rubber plants crossed product had high diversity. Combination primer d (mTcCIR 229 forward + mTcCIR 15 reverse) and I (mTcCIR 15 forward + mTcCIR 37 reverse) can be developed into specific marker candidates for RRIM 600, while c (mTcCIR 37 forward + mTcCIR 15 reverse) and m (mTcCIR 15 forward + mTcCIR 15 reverse) and m (mTcCR 15 forward + mTcCIR 229 reverse) were specific marker candidates for PN 1546.
Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, crossing, molecular markers.

PENGARUH KONDISI DAUN TANAMAN KARET TERHADAP KERAGAMAN HASIL SADAP BEBERAPA KLON SERI IRR

Summary

Plant growth and productivity is influenced by genetic factor, agroclimate environment and their interaction. Clone production potency will be realized if environment condition and management support it. One of the environment condition which influence rubber production in Indonesia is rainfall. Rainfall influences clone leaves condition that can be devided to five leave fall phase. Each phase will influence to latex production. On phase 5,where plant has a full leaves is a phase where plant gives a highest production. This production will be maintained until plant fall all of their leaves (phase 3). Howefer, on phase 4 where leaves of plant begin to grow, it needs a bigger energy to grow, which will cause latex production decrease. This research was done to observation the variation of production among trees on three phase of plant leaves development i.e phase 3, phase 4 and phase 5 and to see the respond of clones to season. Result of the observation done on 5 IRR clones (IRR 32, IRRR 104, IRR 107 dan IRR 118) showed that plant condition which related with season influenced dry latex/tree/tapping production, in addition,variation of dry latex production among tree in a clone is still found, although not as high as in negetative. Rubber plant production is influenced by girth rate increment, in which the higher the girth value, than the higher the dry latex production, but the effect of girth is different on every clone,depend on their potency.
Keywords: Havea brasiliensis, rainfall, fall ofleaves,variation of production

PENGUJIAN SISTEM EKSPLOITASI EXPEX-315 PADA KLON PB 260

Summary

EXPEX-315 esploitationsystem was designet for quick starter(QS)clones by using short upward tapping kombiet with stimulant application done at the opening. This exploitation system is aimed to iptimeze latex yield up to 35 tonnes/ha in 15 years of tapping.if there is still any panel potency to be exploited after 15 years,plant productivity is expented to reach 45 tones /ha/plan cycle.the trial was conducted at Gunung Para Estate,PT.perkebunan nusantara III(Persero)form 2006 to 2009 on PB 260 clone planted in 2001. The trial was aranged in a zramdomized block design  (RBD) with five treatment, consisting of four EXPEX-315 treatment. P treatment had the highest girth (60.1 cm) while the lowest was found in B treatment with 57.8 cm of girth. A and K treatments had the highest bark thickness (9.4 mm),while B treatment (9,2 mm) was the lowest was found in B treatment with 57,8 cm girth.A and k treatment had the highest bark thickness (9.4 mm), while B treatment (9,2 mm) was the lowest one, cut length of K treatment increased around 1.0 cm/year while in EXPEX – 315 treatment about -0.2 -0.3 cm/year. Plant productivity showed that in the first to third year, productivity of EXPEX-315 treatment was not significantly different compared with the control , but in the fourth year,B,P and Q treatments ware significantly  higher that the control while a treatment and the control while a treatment  and the control ware nit significantly  different. P treatment  obtained the hidhest average productivity up to 40.8 g/t/t while K treatment  had the lowest (33.1 g/t/t). Treatment of B,P, and Q showed a very  potential cumulative production performances in the fourht year of trial namely 10.0 – 10.3 tonnes /ha with avarage yield  of 2,5 tonnes /ha/year.extra fertilizer application had no significant effect on the productivity in early period, but in the third year it indicated significant effect . in general, physiological parameters showed that the  exploitation pressure was not significantly  different between the control and EXPEX-315 treatments. Latex dry rubber content (DRC) of all treatment was on the  same level (12.28 – 12.91 Mm). Thiol content of EXPEX-315 trearment was about 0.48 – 0.50 mM while the control 0.48 Mm. Tapping panel dryness (TPD) observation showed that in the fourth year, K trearment had the highest intensity (2,56%) while P treatment was the lowest (1.60%) All EXPEX-315 treatment gave significant benefit. Additional benefit of B treatment was the highest (up to Rp. 10,653,950.-/ha/year), while the lowest was seen in A treatment  (Rp. 4,763,300.-/ha/year). Additional benefit  of P and Q treatments ware Rp. 9,489,450/ha/year and Rp. 8,652,950/ha/year, respectively. In large scale application, it was suggested to adopt B treatment (Sc20U d/3.Et2.5%.Pa0.5.9m(Apr-Dec)/12) and followed by further obeservation
Keywords : Hevea brasiliensis,exploitation system,EXPEX-315,Productivity,Plant physiology, economic analysis.

PENGUKURAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN RUBBER INDUSTRY SMALLHOLDERS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (RISDA) DENGAN SERVQUAL :
Suatu Studi Kasus di Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Summary

Smallholders play an important role in rubber industry in Malaysia, both in terms of production and area. Realizing the importance of this group among the rubber planters, the government established RISDA to organize them. Hence, providing good service quality is vital for RISDA in order to increase the capability of smallholders, especially in increasing their productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the level of smallholders satisfaction towards the services delivered by RISDA. The measurements used were based on widely accepted SERVQUAL model. The questionnaire used in this study was limited to a sample of 98 respondents in the West region of RISDA Negeri Sembilan State. A descriptive statistics analysis was used to evaluate the level of service quality of RISDA. Service quality gap was examined by comparing farmers’ expectations and their actual perceptions. The results of the study indicated that the overall service quality provided by RISDA was below smallholders’ expectations. Tangibles was the most critical dimension of service quality delivered by RISDA which needed improving while assurance was the least critical dimension which needed improving while assurance was the least critical dimension which need improving as well.
Keywords: Service quality; SERVQUAL;RISDA;smallholders;level

PENGARUH ASAP CAIR, BAHAN PEMUCAT DAN LAMA PENJEMURAN SINAR MATAHARI TERHADAP MUTU KARET SIT ASAP

Summary

In order to produce bright colour RSS (Ribbed Smoked Sheet), it had been done research about RSS processing by using liquid smoke coagulant which was added sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3). Sodium bisulfit could decelerate drying process in smoke house, so pre-drying treatment by using sunlight was added in the research. The experiment was added sodium bisulfit (the concentrate :0 ; 0,5; 7,5 ; 1 % b/ b DR), then sheet was hanged under direct sunlight for 0 ; 1 ; 2 and 3 days. Later, sheet was dried in smoke house. Analysis for technical specification, curing characteristic, and physical properties were conducted. The result showed that sheet which was coagulated by using liquid smoke + 1 % b/ b dried rubber NaHSO3  and hanged under direct sunlight for 2 days gave best result for colour, technical specification, curing characteristic, and physical properties. This treatment could also reduce drying time became 82 hours which was shorter than normal process (using formic acid coagulant).
Keywords: Liquid-smoke,colour,smoke-sheet,sunlight

STUDI SIFAT KETAHANAN MINYAK KARET ALAM EPOKSI DARI LATEKS PROTEIN RENDAH (DPNR)

Summary

Expoxidation on natural rubber is addressed to produce new polymer which have resistance in oil and high damping if epoxidation is carried out to deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), it will be produced EDPNR rubber which have  low gel content, having potency to renew solubility parameter, so that will improve its oil resistence.This research was animed to study swelling of three types of rubber such as epoxidized natural rubber (EDPNR), natural rubber (NR) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) in some of solvents and to study physical properties of three types of rubber after immersed in IRM 903 oil for 24 hours. The results show that in-situ epoxidation between DPNR rubber and performic acid at 700   C for 5 hours produced EDPNR 24,44 %. Solubility parameter of EDPNR was change from 8,3 (cal/ cm)1/2 . Oil resistance of EDPNR 24,44% more better than natural rubber.ENR 24,44% appeared to be less oil resistant compared to NBR, however it may be switable for application which do not involue continous immersions in oil.
Keywords: natural rubber, DPNR,epoxidation,EDPNR